Biography

Mas Mansoer was born on 25 June 1896 in Kampung Sawahan, north of Surabaya. His father was Kyai Hajji Mas Ahmad Marzuki, a descendant of the Sumenep royal family and a friend of Kyai Hajji Ahmad Dahlan. His mother was a woman from Surabaya who was of mixed Buginese and Minang descent.

At the age of 12, Mansoer went to Mecca to study Islam. He then enrolled at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. During his studies, he read several Western literary works about freedom, humanism, and democracy. He also observed how Egyptian people fought against British colonists to obtain their independence, which influenced his later views.

After graduating from Al-Azhar, Mansoer returned to Surabaya and became an ustaz at the Mufidah pesantren. During this period, he felt that the colonial government hindered the teaching of Islam. This situation made him join Muhammadiyah and Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia (Indonesian People's Association). He preached in remote areas. In 1914, Mansoer and Abdul Wahab Hasbullah (the cousin of Hasyim Asy'ari) founded an educational organization named Nahdhatul Wathan (Awakening of the Homeland). They also joined the Indonesche Study Club, an organization led by Dr. Sutomo. Later, he became a chairman of East Java branch of Muhammadiyah. In 1937, he became a chairman of Muhammadiyah through an election at the 26th Muhammadiyah Congress. Because of his widespread influence, the colonial government offered him a position in the Het Kantoor van Inlandsche Zaken as the head of institution of religious affairs. However, he refused it. Mansoer took the initiative in formatting the Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia on 25 September 1937. The purpose of the organization was to aid clerics throughout Indonesia in networking and building relationships with each other, both physically and spiritually. Under influence from the nationalism movement, MIAI was also involved in opposing the colonial government, such as in the like Gabungan Politik Indonesia (GAPI; Indonesian Political Federation) led by M. H. Thamrin. In 1938 he founded the Partai Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Party) with Dr. Sukiman.

During the Japanese occupation, Mansoer was under pressure due to his activities with Muhammadiyah. Mansoer, Kyai Hajji Wahid Hasyim, and Kyai Hajji Taufiqurrahman then formed an Islamic organization called Masyumi. After the group was formed, the Japanese government banned all political organizations and formed PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat; previously Jawa Hokokai) to spread its propaganda. Mansoer, along with Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Soewardi Soerjaningrat, were appointed as leaders in 1942; collectively they were known as the Empat Serangkai (Four Series). He accepted the appointment and resigned as Chairman of Muhammadiyah. Mansoer resigned from PUTERA in 1944 by reason of illness. During this period, Mansoer conveyed an idea of a roemah jang moerah dan sehat ("cheap and healthy house") in a meeting with other intellectuals and Japanese officers; this was hoped to solve housing problems faced by native Indonesians. His idea was supported by Sukarno. He also drew a blueprint for the project.

Before the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Mansoer became a member of the Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence). During the national revolution, Mansoer helped the people of Surabaya in defending the city against the British Army. Then, he was arrested by the Dutch, and was told to give a speech and convince the people of Surabaya to surrender; however, he refused. As a result, Mansoer was jailed in Kalisosok Prison in Surabaya.

Mansoer died on 25 April 1946 in the prison. His remains were buried in Gipu, Surabaya.

1. Imagine 30 years from now someone will write a biography about you. What would you want the world to know about you? Focus on what you

would do for people and your country.(write it in the comment below!)

= I want to be known as someone who has a positive influence on my family, people, environment and in my country. and I want to prove to the world that I can be successful, be myself and always try to do my best.

Vanity, Why is the Prince ?

Definition of Drama

Drama is a show that tells a story, the media used to convey the story through the movements and dialogues of the characters. The definition of a drama is a story or situation which usually presents some sort of conflict. A literary composition that tells a story, usually of human conflict, by means of dialogue and action to be performed by actors; play; now often specify any play that is not a comedy.

Dramatic Text Structure

The drama structure consists of three parts, namely as follows.

= Prologue: an introduction as an introduction to provide a general description of the actor, conflict or what is happening in the drama.

= Dialogue: a conversation between two or more people. Dialogue is an essential part of drama. In drama, there must be emotional inspiration and dialogue is also conveyed with clear pronunciation of words and volume of voice.

= Epilogue: the concluding remarks that conclude a play. Epilogue is useful for formulating the main content of drama.

The scene only covers one dialogue between several characters.

> Orientation: introducing the characters, stating the situation of the story, proposing conflicts that will be developed in the main part of the story.

> Complication or middle part of the story: the main actor finds obstacles between him and his goal, experiences various misunderstandings in the struggle to overcome these obstacles.

> Resolution or denouement: the boundary point that separates complications and resolution, usually called the climax (turning point). At the climax there are important changes in the fate of the main actors.

Types of Dramatic Subtitles

According to Budianta, there are basically 5 types of drama, namely: tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, and farce. The explanation is as follows.

♡ Tragedy: a drama whose story ends in grief or sorrow.

♡ Comedy: a drama whose story ends with joy.

♡ Tragicomedy: a drama that combines tragedy and comedy.

♡ Melodrama: a performance when without any conversation, emotions are built through music.

♡ Farce: in general, it can be said as a caricatural drama or exaggerated comedy.

- In Asmara (1983: 12), the types of drama are divided into three categories, namely tragedy, drama, and comedy.

* Tragedy is the oldest type of drama to emerge from the life and death rites of the Dyonesis in Greece that were directed to serious dimensions of human life and character.

The play according to Haerkotter is another form of tragedy.

* Comedy is the main actor involved in his own mistakes such as pride, pride or in complicating relationships outside of himself.

- Based on the presentation of the play, drama is divided into 7 (seven) types, namely:

=> Tragedy: drama that ends in sadness.

=> Comedy: drama filled with humor.

=> Opera: drama where dialogue is accompanied by music.

=> Melodrama: almost similar to opera, which is a drama in which the dialogue is pronounced accompanied by a melody or music.

=> Farce: drama that resembles a joke, but not completely joke.

=> Tablo: a drama that prioritizes movement, the players do not speak the lines, but only make movements.

=> Ballet: a type of drama that combines drama and dance.

- Based on the means of staging, the types of drama are divided into 6 (six), namely:

=> Stage play: the type of drama played by actors on stage.

=> Radio drama: drama that only the audience can listen to, cannot be seen and touched.

=> Television drama: almost similar to a stage play, except that television drama is not palpable.

=> Drama films: dramas that use the big screen are usually shown by the cinema.

=> Wayang drama: a type of drama that is accompanied by a puppet show.

=> Puppet drama: drama actors are depicted as puppets played by several people.

- Based on the presence or absence of a drama script, the type of drama is divided into 2 (two), namely:

=> Traditional drama: a type of drama that does not use a script.

=> Modern drama: a type of drama that uses a script.

Elements of a Dramatic Text

The elements of drama are grouped into two categories, namely intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The explanation is as follows.

Intrinsic Elements of Drama

The following are the intrinsic elements of drama, namely:

■ Figure and Personnel

Characterization is the process of performing a character as a character in a drama performance (Budiyati, 2009: 26).

■ Character

Character is the behavior played by the main actor. The character of the protagonist is the character of good behavior played by the character. Meanwhile, the antagonistic character is the character of evil behavior played by the character.

■ Plot

According to Riris K. Sarumpaet (in Budiyati, 2009: 28). Flow is a series of events that are interwoven based on the law of cause and effect; and is a pattern, a linkage of events that moves the course of the story towards conflict and its resolution.

■ Theme

Themes are the cultivation of main ideas which are supported by the interweaving of character elements, plot, and story setting and formulated through dialogue.

■ Mandate

The mandate is the message the author sends through the play, and how the author's solution to the problems he describes.

The Extrinsic Element of Drama

Extrinsic elements of drama are all kinds of elements that are outside the drama text, but also play a role in the existence of the drama text. These elements include:

- Author's biography or curriculum vitae.

- Author's philosophy of life.

The socio-cultural elements of the community are considered to be able to provide input that supports the creation of the drama work.

Characteristics of a Drama Text

Here are the characteristics of a drama text that you should know.

> The entire story takes the form of dialogue, both narrator and character.

> All dialogue in the drama does not use quotation marks.

> The drama script is equipped with certain instructions that must be done by the characters in the drama.

> The drama script is located above the dialogue or to the left of the dialogue.

> There must be conflict, action.

> Drama must be acted.

> The tempo is less than 3 hours.

> There are no repetitions at a time.

Vanity and Pride

Narrator:

Madame Loise was pretty girl born into poor family. She had no expectation and she felt so trapped by her situation that she married a little clerking government office. Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her status; for women have no caste and class, their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or family. She suffered endlessly, feeling herself born every delicacy and luxury. She suffered from the poorness of her house, from its bare walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains.

Scene 1

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Sweetheart, I have a surprise for you.

MADAME LOISEL: Really, what is the surprise?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: See for yourself.

(He place the invitation on the table.)

Swiftly she tears open the envelop and draws out a printed car and reads out.

“The Minister and Madame Ramponneau 

request the pleasure of the company of 

Monsieur and Madame Loisel 

at the Minister on the evening of Monday, January the Eighteenth.”

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Isn’t it wonderful?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean? What can I do with it?

(She tosses the invitation on the table)

MADAME LOISEL: I have nothing suitable to wear to this glamorous occasion.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Why. Why, you can wear your theater gown, of course. It’s really quite suitable.

[Monsieur Loisel paces and thinks.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There must be a way! How much do you think a suitable gown would cost, something very simple but elegant as well, of course.

MADAME LOISEL: I’m not too sure, but maybe 400 francs.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I’ve been saving and I think I have just about 400 francs. You could take it to buy a gown.

Scene 2

MONSIEUR LOISEL: You make any dress come to life, my dear. How ravishing you look!

MADAME LOISEL: [Pouting and Whining] But I’ll be disgraced!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Disgraced? What can you possibly mean? You will be the most beautiful woman there!

MADAME LOISEL: You just don’t understand! It’s so annoying! I don’t have a single piece of jewelry to wear with my gown.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There is one thing, one possibility that you’ve forgotten.

MADAME LOISEL: [sniffs] What’s that?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Your old classmate! Madame Jeanne Forestier! She is really well of. I’m sure she would be willing to lend you some of her jewelry!

MADAME LOISEL: [Her sniffs turn into laughter and joy.] Of course! I can borrow something suitable from Jeanne. Thank you, darling.

Narrator:

Madame Loisel was absolutely smashing! She was prettier than any of other women: elegant, graceful smiling and wild with joy. Everyone noticed her, and her husband’s boss seemed to want every dance with her.

Scene 3

MADAME LOISEL: [Looking in mirror] Oh my God! Oh no, no.. I…I have…Oh my God, this can not happen!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: What? What is it?

MADAME LOISEL: I have lost Madame Forestier’s necklace!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It can’t be true! It’s impossible!

[They begin frantically searching through their coats and clothes, and on the floor.]

MADAME LOISEL: Oh God, help us!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It must be here somewhere. Necklace don’t just evaporate.

[Madame Loisel begins weeping and sobbing as she searches.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I shall go back on foot, over the entire route, to see whether or not i can find it.

[He rushes out. Madame Loisel sinks into a chair, sobbing. After more than a hour he comes back.]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it? Tell me! Did you?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: [remains silent]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it or not?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I am afraid not.

Scene 4

Narrator:

Madame Loisel didn't tell Madame Forestier that she lost her necklace and she chose to replace it. The replacement cost them everything. Madame Loisel came to know the ghastly life of abject poverty. Their previous life seemed downright luxurious compared to what they had now.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Matilda, my love. I have made the last payment on our debt. We have nothing left for ourselves, but at least we are free from the loan of 20000 francs.

MADAME LOISEL: Free at last

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Look! Isn't that Madame Forestier over there? You have not spoken to her since that day. Go talk to her.

MADAME LOISEL: Uh, Hello. Good day.

MADAME FORESTIER: You must have mistaken me for someone else. Excuse me please…

MADAME LOISEL: Jeanne, don’t you recognize me? It’s me, Matilda.

MADAME FORESTIER: Matilda? But it can’t be. You look so worn and old

MADAME LOISEL: No really, It’s me. I’ve changed because I have had to endure ten hard years of manual labor, scrubbing floors and taking in laundry.

MADAME FORESTIER: My dear, what could have happened to make you do that?

MADAME LOISEL: It was your necklace, or rather my desire to be elegant, that caused this.

MADAME FORESTIER: But how is that possible? I have the necklace. I wore it to the theater just other night.

MADAME LOISEL: The necklace you have is actually just a replacement. I’m afraid that i lost yours. We borrowed money to purchase a replacement and have spent the past ten years paying off the debt, but today, we have made the last payment.

MADAME FORESTIER: Ten years? Surely it could not have taken that long to pay off the amount needed to replace the necklace?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean?

MADAME FORESTIER: Mine was a fake; replacement should have cost you nothing more than 500 francs. Oh, my poor, poor, dear Matilda.

After you read the script in your book

1. Did the ending of the play surprise you? What kind of ending did you expect ? Explain it down in the comment below! Have you ever borrowed something and lost it? How did you try to find it? Write it in your blog!

Answer :

I once borrowed something, namely a novel book from the library, but I forgot to keep the book as well as possible, in the end the book disappeared then I talked to the librarian, that the book I borrowed was missing. I ended up buying the same novel to replace it.

MY DRAMA VIDEO:

Hopes and Dreams

 

So, if you were given a chance to give a speech in front of a President and Prime Minister of the world, what would you talk about?

If I want to make a speech about Hope and Dream, and this is my speech.

Peace be upon us all, may God always bless us all. First of all, let us pray and praise the presence of God Almighty for His infinite mercy and grace to all of us so that on this auspicious occasion we can all gather in the best possible health condition. To the teachers that I respect, and to all the proud students of SMAN 27 Jakarta, I hope we all remain in high spirits to become successful people in the future. Hopefully this sunny day can be an early sign for our lives to be brighter. Amen.

To all the beloved students of SMAN 27 Jakarta, you are all people who will be successful in the future. This is everything we expect as your parents at school. It will be our pride to see you become successful people. The first step to achieving success is that you must have a dream. Dream big and high! Go as high as possible and keep all your dreams steady despite the storms and hurricanes raging! Let your dreams keep flying in the sky proudly like this red and white flag. If you haven't had a dream yet, then this is the time. What will you be 5 years from now? What would you like to have at the age of 30? Decide on your dream from now on.

Plan your dreams in a good and right way! Let your dreams enslave you until all dreams come true. Open your eyes, my students, let me once again emphasize to all of you that dreaming is a sign of a person who is alive and holds hope. His life will be vibrant and kept away from all kinds of diseases and stresses. You can unlock stories of great people. Then you will find that their successes and achievements that made their names written in the history of life, all started with a dream. Just look at the Prophet Muhammad, Marcopolo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Isaac Newton, and hundreds of other great people. Everything starts from a dream.

For that, it's time for you to build your dream. What do you want in life and it's time to dream. Your age is golden age, so don't waste it. That was the end of my speech. I hope my words can bring good things to all of us. I say my apologies for my mistake on my words. Thank you for your attention. God bless.