Letter to God

Personal Letter

Definition of Personal Letter

Letters in English are called Letter. Personal Letters are informal letters written for individuals, usually only two people who know each other are involved.

Structure of the Personal Letter

- Date = Usually this date is written at the top left. This date indicates when the letter was written.

- Address = This section is the place where you write the letter or the address where the sender lives. Address is written at the top right.

- Salutation & Name = This section writes the greeting and the recipient's name. For example "Dear …", "Dearest …", "Sweetheart", "Darling", "My love" and others.

- Introduction (Opening) = The opening of a letter usually begins with an opening like the response to a previous letter or it could be an initial introduction if you are just starting out in correspondence.

- Body (contents of the letter) = This section is the content or essence of the letter. In this section of the Body, you tell all the contents of the letter that we want to tell.

- Closure (Closing) = This section indicates that the letter will end soon.

- Complimentary close (closing greetings) = This section is a short closing phrase such as, "With love". "Sincerely yours", "With love", and so on.

- Signature (Signature) = This section is under the complementary close, you can put a signature or it could be just the initials of your name.

Narrative Text

The Definition of Narrative Text

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.

The Purpose of Narrative Text

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

Generic Structures of Narrative Text

1) Orientation

In this paragraph, we introduce the main story, character / character, place, also the time of the story that we want to write, friend.

2) Complication

In this section, we can write down the conflict in the story to its climax. In writing a conflict there are also 4 different things, namely:

a. Physical: marked by physical conflict between characters.

b. Natural: marked by conflicts between characters and matters related to natural forces.

c. Social: marked by a meeting between figures, but with different interests.

d. Psychological: characterized by a conflict within oneself between choosing good or bad things, an arrogant or humble nature, it can also be a conflict between being greedy or not.

3) Evaluation 

This section is optional, usually containing an insertion of an assessment or evaluation of the story or conflict.

4) Resolution

Friend, in this section we can show you the solution or resolution of the existing conflict. Well, the ending can be happy or sad. However, the writer can play with this part by providing another problem that makes the reader curious. Usually this curiosity is deliberately raised in the type of mystery story.

5) Re-orientation 

The last part of the narrative text is optional too, buddy. As writers, we can give readers moral messages, suggestions, or lessons learned in the closing section that come from the story.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative Text

– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc.)

– Adverb of time (Once upon a time, one day, etc.)

– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc.)

– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc.)

– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc.)

– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said, "My name is Snow White"). The direct speech uses present tense.

Several types of narrative text

1. Adventure story

2. Fairy tales

Stories where the characters are animals, but show human-like behavior such as talking.

3. Fairy tales

Stories that are generally fantasy in nature or full of magic.

4. Historical narrative

5. Horror stories

6. Legend

The stories are told on facts, but the characters don't really exist.

7. Myth

The story tries to explain about the world and how we should react to it.

8. Mystery

9. Science fiction

10. A slice of life

Example narrative text

Once upon a time in west java, lived a writer king who had a beautiful daughter.  Her name was Dayang Sumbi.  She liked weaving very much.  Once she was weaving a cloth when one of her tools fell to the ground.  She was very tired, at the same time she was too lazy to take it.  Then she just shouted out loudly.

Anybody there! Bring me my tool.  I will give you special present.  If you are female.  I will consider you as my sister if you are male, I will marry you suddenly a male dog, its name was Tumang came.  He brought her the falling tool.  Dayang Sumbi was very surprised.  She regretted her words but she could not deny it.  So she had marry Tumang and leave her father.  Then they lived in a small village.  Several months later they had a son.  His name was Sangkuriang.  He was a handsome and healthy boy.

Sangkuriang liked hunting very much, especially deer.  He often hunted to the wood using his arrow.  When he went hunting , Tumang was always with him.

One day Dayang Sumbi wanted to have deer’s  heart so she asked Sangkuriang to hunt for a deer.  Then Sangkuriang when to the wood with his arrow and his faithful dog.  Tumang, but afher several days in the wood Sangkuriang could not find any deer.  Then where all disappeared.  Sangkuriang was exhausted and desperate.  He did not want to disappoint her mother so he killed Tumang.  He did not know that Tumang was his father.  Tumang’s  heart to her mother.  But Dayang Sumbi knew that it was Tumang’s heart.  She was so angry that she could not control her emotion.  She hit Sangkuriang at his head Sangkuriang was wounded.  There was a scar in his head.  She also repelled her son.  Sangkuriang left her mother in sadness.

Many years passed and Sangkuriang became a strong young man.  He wandered everywhere.  One day he arrived.  at his own village but he did not realize it.  There he met Dayang Sumbi.  At the time Dayang Sumbi was given an eternal beauty by God so she stayed young forever.  Both of them did know each other.  So they fall in love and then they decided to marry.  But then Dayang Sumbi recognized a scar on Sangkuriang’s head.  She knew that Sangkuriang was his son.  It was impossible for them to marry.  She told him but he did not believe her.  He wished that they marry soon.  So Dayang Sumbi gave very difficult condition.  She asked Sangkuriang  to build a lake and a boat in one night! She said she needed that for honeymoon.

Sangkuriang agreed.  With the help of genie and spiritism, Sangkuriang tired to build them.  By midnight he had completed the lake by building a dam in Citarum river.  Then he started making the boat.  It was almost dawn when he almost finished it.  Meanwhile Dayang Sumbi kept watching on him.  She was very worried when she knew this.  So she made lights in the east.  Then the spiritis thought that was already dawn.  It was time for them to leave.  They left Sangkuriang alone.  Without their help he could not finish the boat.

Sangkuriang was angry.  He kicked the boat.  Then the boat turned upside down.  It later, became Month Tangkuban Perahu.  Which means an upside-down boat.  From a distant the mount really looks like an upside down boat.

THE LAST LEAF

Many artists lived in Greenwich Village in New York City. Sue and Johnsy, two artists, also lived there in a studio apartment. Their rooms were at the top of old building in Greenwich Village.

In November, it was very cold and with it a cold unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Phenumonia, stalked the city, tocuhing one here and there with his icy fingers. The icy finger of Phenumonia also touched Johnsy. She was very ill, lying in her bed and not moving at all. A doctor visited her every day but Johnsy was not getting better. One morning, the doctor spoke to Sue outside johnsy’s room.

“I can’t help her,” the doctor said. “She is very sad and has no desire to live. Someone must make her happy again. What is she interested in?” “Painting!” said the doctor. “That won’t help her!”

Sue was distressed by this news and didn’t know what to do to help Johnsy. She went into in the workroom and cried and then she swaggered into Johnsy’s room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime. Johnsy lay silently in her bed with her face towards the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking Johnsy was asleep.

Sue arrange her board and began drawing to illustrate a magazine story. As Sue was sketching a figure of a hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.

Johnsy’s eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting-counting backwards.

“Twelve,” she said, and little later “eleven”; and then “ten,’ and “nine”; and then “eight” and “seven”, almost together.

Sue looked out of the window wondering what was there to count. There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away. An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn has stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branchesclung, almost barem to the crumbling bricks.

“What is it, dear?” asked Sue.

“Six,” said johnsy, in almost a whisper. ” They’re falling faster now. three days ago there were almost a hundred. My head ached when I was counting them but now it’s easy. There goes another one. There are only five left now.

“Five what, dear/ tell me.”

“Leaves on the ivy vine. When the last one dalls I must go, too, I’ve known that for three days. Didn’t the doctor tell you?”

“Oh, i never heard of such nonsense,” complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. “What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Try to sleep,” said Sue. “I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I’ll not be gone a minute. Don’t cry to move till come back.”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor of the same building. He was sizty years old and had always dreamed of painting a masterpiece, but unfortunately till now he was not able to fulfill his dream. Sue found Behrman in his dimly lighted apartment sitting in his chair. She told him of Johnsy’s condition. Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings.

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the windowsill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. in ther they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. When Sue awoke from an hour’s sleep the next morning, she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn greens shade.

“Pull it up; I want to see,” she ordered, in whisper. Wearily Sue obeyed. “It is the last one,” said Johnsy. It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.” “Dear, dear!” said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, “think of me, id you won’t think of yourself. What would I do? But Johnsy did not answer.

The leaf stayed on the vine all day. That night, there was more wind and rain. When it was light enough, Johnsy commanded that shade be raised. The ivy leaf was still there.

I’ve been a foolish girl, Sue,” said Johnsy. :I wanted to die but the last leaf stayed on the vine to teach me a lesson. Please bring me some soup now.” “you know Sue, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.”

The doctor visited the girls in the afternoon. “Take good care of your friend,” he said. “She is going to get well. Now I have to go downstairs. I have to visit Mr. Behrman. He has pneumonia too. I must send him to the hospital.

The next day, the doctor said to Sue: “She’s out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now that’s all.” And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitiing a woolen shoulder scarf. “I have something to tell you, dear,” she said. “Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first dat in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn’t imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn’t you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? ah, darling, it’s Behrman’s masterpiece – he painted it there the night that the last leaf fall. (Adapted from The Last Leaf by O. Henry, 1907).

Write a short narrative story about your experience. What is the greatest sacrifice you have ever made for your family or friends? Describe it and publish it in your blog!

Answer :

I have no idea. I have never been in the situation to need to sacrifice. But I guess if I had to, I can forsake my career, my dreams for them. I can do whatever was asked of me. Everything else might be fine by me.

My family is my greatest support and I am very lucky to have them. Till now I haven’t got any situation to do sacrifice. And if I ever fall into a situation where I need to sacrifice for them I’ll definitely do no matter what it is. I can do any sacrifice if that brings smile in their face and happiness in their life. Because my parents has done so many sacrifice for me, so I won’t step back when I get a chance to do so.

Biography

Mas Mansoer was born on 25 June 1896 in Kampung Sawahan, north of Surabaya. His father was Kyai Hajji Mas Ahmad Marzuki, a descendant of the Sumenep royal family and a friend of Kyai Hajji Ahmad Dahlan. His mother was a woman from Surabaya who was of mixed Buginese and Minang descent.

At the age of 12, Mansoer went to Mecca to study Islam. He then enrolled at Al-Azhar University in Egypt. During his studies, he read several Western literary works about freedom, humanism, and democracy. He also observed how Egyptian people fought against British colonists to obtain their independence, which influenced his later views.

After graduating from Al-Azhar, Mansoer returned to Surabaya and became an ustaz at the Mufidah pesantren. During this period, he felt that the colonial government hindered the teaching of Islam. This situation made him join Muhammadiyah and Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia (Indonesian People's Association). He preached in remote areas. In 1914, Mansoer and Abdul Wahab Hasbullah (the cousin of Hasyim Asy'ari) founded an educational organization named Nahdhatul Wathan (Awakening of the Homeland). They also joined the Indonesche Study Club, an organization led by Dr. Sutomo. Later, he became a chairman of East Java branch of Muhammadiyah. In 1937, he became a chairman of Muhammadiyah through an election at the 26th Muhammadiyah Congress. Because of his widespread influence, the colonial government offered him a position in the Het Kantoor van Inlandsche Zaken as the head of institution of religious affairs. However, he refused it. Mansoer took the initiative in formatting the Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia on 25 September 1937. The purpose of the organization was to aid clerics throughout Indonesia in networking and building relationships with each other, both physically and spiritually. Under influence from the nationalism movement, MIAI was also involved in opposing the colonial government, such as in the like Gabungan Politik Indonesia (GAPI; Indonesian Political Federation) led by M. H. Thamrin. In 1938 he founded the Partai Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Party) with Dr. Sukiman.

During the Japanese occupation, Mansoer was under pressure due to his activities with Muhammadiyah. Mansoer, Kyai Hajji Wahid Hasyim, and Kyai Hajji Taufiqurrahman then formed an Islamic organization called Masyumi. After the group was formed, the Japanese government banned all political organizations and formed PUTERA (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat; previously Jawa Hokokai) to spread its propaganda. Mansoer, along with Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Soewardi Soerjaningrat, were appointed as leaders in 1942; collectively they were known as the Empat Serangkai (Four Series). He accepted the appointment and resigned as Chairman of Muhammadiyah. Mansoer resigned from PUTERA in 1944 by reason of illness. During this period, Mansoer conveyed an idea of a roemah jang moerah dan sehat ("cheap and healthy house") in a meeting with other intellectuals and Japanese officers; this was hoped to solve housing problems faced by native Indonesians. His idea was supported by Sukarno. He also drew a blueprint for the project.

Before the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Mansoer became a member of the Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence). During the national revolution, Mansoer helped the people of Surabaya in defending the city against the British Army. Then, he was arrested by the Dutch, and was told to give a speech and convince the people of Surabaya to surrender; however, he refused. As a result, Mansoer was jailed in Kalisosok Prison in Surabaya.

Mansoer died on 25 April 1946 in the prison. His remains were buried in Gipu, Surabaya.

1. Imagine 30 years from now someone will write a biography about you. What would you want the world to know about you? Focus on what you

would do for people and your country.(write it in the comment below!)

= I want to be known as someone who has a positive influence on my family, people, environment and in my country. and I want to prove to the world that I can be successful, be myself and always try to do my best.

Vanity, Why is the Prince ?

Definition of Drama

Drama is a show that tells a story, the media used to convey the story through the movements and dialogues of the characters. The definition of a drama is a story or situation which usually presents some sort of conflict. A literary composition that tells a story, usually of human conflict, by means of dialogue and action to be performed by actors; play; now often specify any play that is not a comedy.

Dramatic Text Structure

The drama structure consists of three parts, namely as follows.

= Prologue: an introduction as an introduction to provide a general description of the actor, conflict or what is happening in the drama.

= Dialogue: a conversation between two or more people. Dialogue is an essential part of drama. In drama, there must be emotional inspiration and dialogue is also conveyed with clear pronunciation of words and volume of voice.

= Epilogue: the concluding remarks that conclude a play. Epilogue is useful for formulating the main content of drama.

The scene only covers one dialogue between several characters.

> Orientation: introducing the characters, stating the situation of the story, proposing conflicts that will be developed in the main part of the story.

> Complication or middle part of the story: the main actor finds obstacles between him and his goal, experiences various misunderstandings in the struggle to overcome these obstacles.

> Resolution or denouement: the boundary point that separates complications and resolution, usually called the climax (turning point). At the climax there are important changes in the fate of the main actors.

Types of Dramatic Subtitles

According to Budianta, there are basically 5 types of drama, namely: tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, and farce. The explanation is as follows.

♡ Tragedy: a drama whose story ends in grief or sorrow.

♡ Comedy: a drama whose story ends with joy.

♡ Tragicomedy: a drama that combines tragedy and comedy.

♡ Melodrama: a performance when without any conversation, emotions are built through music.

♡ Farce: in general, it can be said as a caricatural drama or exaggerated comedy.

- In Asmara (1983: 12), the types of drama are divided into three categories, namely tragedy, drama, and comedy.

* Tragedy is the oldest type of drama to emerge from the life and death rites of the Dyonesis in Greece that were directed to serious dimensions of human life and character.

The play according to Haerkotter is another form of tragedy.

* Comedy is the main actor involved in his own mistakes such as pride, pride or in complicating relationships outside of himself.

- Based on the presentation of the play, drama is divided into 7 (seven) types, namely:

=> Tragedy: drama that ends in sadness.

=> Comedy: drama filled with humor.

=> Opera: drama where dialogue is accompanied by music.

=> Melodrama: almost similar to opera, which is a drama in which the dialogue is pronounced accompanied by a melody or music.

=> Farce: drama that resembles a joke, but not completely joke.

=> Tablo: a drama that prioritizes movement, the players do not speak the lines, but only make movements.

=> Ballet: a type of drama that combines drama and dance.

- Based on the means of staging, the types of drama are divided into 6 (six), namely:

=> Stage play: the type of drama played by actors on stage.

=> Radio drama: drama that only the audience can listen to, cannot be seen and touched.

=> Television drama: almost similar to a stage play, except that television drama is not palpable.

=> Drama films: dramas that use the big screen are usually shown by the cinema.

=> Wayang drama: a type of drama that is accompanied by a puppet show.

=> Puppet drama: drama actors are depicted as puppets played by several people.

- Based on the presence or absence of a drama script, the type of drama is divided into 2 (two), namely:

=> Traditional drama: a type of drama that does not use a script.

=> Modern drama: a type of drama that uses a script.

Elements of a Dramatic Text

The elements of drama are grouped into two categories, namely intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The explanation is as follows.

Intrinsic Elements of Drama

The following are the intrinsic elements of drama, namely:

■ Figure and Personnel

Characterization is the process of performing a character as a character in a drama performance (Budiyati, 2009: 26).

■ Character

Character is the behavior played by the main actor. The character of the protagonist is the character of good behavior played by the character. Meanwhile, the antagonistic character is the character of evil behavior played by the character.

■ Plot

According to Riris K. Sarumpaet (in Budiyati, 2009: 28). Flow is a series of events that are interwoven based on the law of cause and effect; and is a pattern, a linkage of events that moves the course of the story towards conflict and its resolution.

■ Theme

Themes are the cultivation of main ideas which are supported by the interweaving of character elements, plot, and story setting and formulated through dialogue.

■ Mandate

The mandate is the message the author sends through the play, and how the author's solution to the problems he describes.

The Extrinsic Element of Drama

Extrinsic elements of drama are all kinds of elements that are outside the drama text, but also play a role in the existence of the drama text. These elements include:

- Author's biography or curriculum vitae.

- Author's philosophy of life.

The socio-cultural elements of the community are considered to be able to provide input that supports the creation of the drama work.

Characteristics of a Drama Text

Here are the characteristics of a drama text that you should know.

> The entire story takes the form of dialogue, both narrator and character.

> All dialogue in the drama does not use quotation marks.

> The drama script is equipped with certain instructions that must be done by the characters in the drama.

> The drama script is located above the dialogue or to the left of the dialogue.

> There must be conflict, action.

> Drama must be acted.

> The tempo is less than 3 hours.

> There are no repetitions at a time.

Vanity and Pride

Narrator:

Madame Loise was pretty girl born into poor family. She had no expectation and she felt so trapped by her situation that she married a little clerking government office. Her tastes were simple because she had never been able to afford any other, but she was as unhappy as though she had married beneath her status; for women have no caste and class, their beauty, grace, and charm serving them for birth or family. She suffered endlessly, feeling herself born every delicacy and luxury. She suffered from the poorness of her house, from its bare walls, worn chairs, and ugly curtains.

Scene 1

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Sweetheart, I have a surprise for you.

MADAME LOISEL: Really, what is the surprise?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: See for yourself.

(He place the invitation on the table.)

Swiftly she tears open the envelop and draws out a printed car and reads out.

“The Minister and Madame Ramponneau 

request the pleasure of the company of 

Monsieur and Madame Loisel 

at the Minister on the evening of Monday, January the Eighteenth.”

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Isn’t it wonderful?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean? What can I do with it?

(She tosses the invitation on the table)

MADAME LOISEL: I have nothing suitable to wear to this glamorous occasion.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Why. Why, you can wear your theater gown, of course. It’s really quite suitable.

[Monsieur Loisel paces and thinks.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There must be a way! How much do you think a suitable gown would cost, something very simple but elegant as well, of course.

MADAME LOISEL: I’m not too sure, but maybe 400 francs.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I’ve been saving and I think I have just about 400 francs. You could take it to buy a gown.

Scene 2

MONSIEUR LOISEL: You make any dress come to life, my dear. How ravishing you look!

MADAME LOISEL: [Pouting and Whining] But I’ll be disgraced!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Disgraced? What can you possibly mean? You will be the most beautiful woman there!

MADAME LOISEL: You just don’t understand! It’s so annoying! I don’t have a single piece of jewelry to wear with my gown.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: There is one thing, one possibility that you’ve forgotten.

MADAME LOISEL: [sniffs] What’s that?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Your old classmate! Madame Jeanne Forestier! She is really well of. I’m sure she would be willing to lend you some of her jewelry!

MADAME LOISEL: [Her sniffs turn into laughter and joy.] Of course! I can borrow something suitable from Jeanne. Thank you, darling.

Narrator:

Madame Loisel was absolutely smashing! She was prettier than any of other women: elegant, graceful smiling and wild with joy. Everyone noticed her, and her husband’s boss seemed to want every dance with her.

Scene 3

MADAME LOISEL: [Looking in mirror] Oh my God! Oh no, no.. I…I have…Oh my God, this can not happen!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: What? What is it?

MADAME LOISEL: I have lost Madame Forestier’s necklace!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It can’t be true! It’s impossible!

[They begin frantically searching through their coats and clothes, and on the floor.]

MADAME LOISEL: Oh God, help us!

MONSIEUR LOISEL: It must be here somewhere. Necklace don’t just evaporate.

[Madame Loisel begins weeping and sobbing as she searches.]

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I shall go back on foot, over the entire route, to see whether or not i can find it.

[He rushes out. Madame Loisel sinks into a chair, sobbing. After more than a hour he comes back.]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it? Tell me! Did you?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: [remains silent]

MADAME LOISEL: Did you find it or not?

MONSIEUR LOISEL: I am afraid not.

Scene 4

Narrator:

Madame Loisel didn't tell Madame Forestier that she lost her necklace and she chose to replace it. The replacement cost them everything. Madame Loisel came to know the ghastly life of abject poverty. Their previous life seemed downright luxurious compared to what they had now.

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Matilda, my love. I have made the last payment on our debt. We have nothing left for ourselves, but at least we are free from the loan of 20000 francs.

MADAME LOISEL: Free at last

MONSIEUR LOISEL: Look! Isn't that Madame Forestier over there? You have not spoken to her since that day. Go talk to her.

MADAME LOISEL: Uh, Hello. Good day.

MADAME FORESTIER: You must have mistaken me for someone else. Excuse me please…

MADAME LOISEL: Jeanne, don’t you recognize me? It’s me, Matilda.

MADAME FORESTIER: Matilda? But it can’t be. You look so worn and old

MADAME LOISEL: No really, It’s me. I’ve changed because I have had to endure ten hard years of manual labor, scrubbing floors and taking in laundry.

MADAME FORESTIER: My dear, what could have happened to make you do that?

MADAME LOISEL: It was your necklace, or rather my desire to be elegant, that caused this.

MADAME FORESTIER: But how is that possible? I have the necklace. I wore it to the theater just other night.

MADAME LOISEL: The necklace you have is actually just a replacement. I’m afraid that i lost yours. We borrowed money to purchase a replacement and have spent the past ten years paying off the debt, but today, we have made the last payment.

MADAME FORESTIER: Ten years? Surely it could not have taken that long to pay off the amount needed to replace the necklace?

MADAME LOISEL: What do you mean?

MADAME FORESTIER: Mine was a fake; replacement should have cost you nothing more than 500 francs. Oh, my poor, poor, dear Matilda.

After you read the script in your book

1. Did the ending of the play surprise you? What kind of ending did you expect ? Explain it down in the comment below! Have you ever borrowed something and lost it? How did you try to find it? Write it in your blog!

Answer :

I once borrowed something, namely a novel book from the library, but I forgot to keep the book as well as possible, in the end the book disappeared then I talked to the librarian, that the book I borrowed was missing. I ended up buying the same novel to replace it.

MY DRAMA VIDEO:

Hopes and Dreams

 

So, if you were given a chance to give a speech in front of a President and Prime Minister of the world, what would you talk about?

If I want to make a speech about Hope and Dream, and this is my speech.

Peace be upon us all, may God always bless us all. First of all, let us pray and praise the presence of God Almighty for His infinite mercy and grace to all of us so that on this auspicious occasion we can all gather in the best possible health condition. To the teachers that I respect, and to all the proud students of SMAN 27 Jakarta, I hope we all remain in high spirits to become successful people in the future. Hopefully this sunny day can be an early sign for our lives to be brighter. Amen.

To all the beloved students of SMAN 27 Jakarta, you are all people who will be successful in the future. This is everything we expect as your parents at school. It will be our pride to see you become successful people. The first step to achieving success is that you must have a dream. Dream big and high! Go as high as possible and keep all your dreams steady despite the storms and hurricanes raging! Let your dreams keep flying in the sky proudly like this red and white flag. If you haven't had a dream yet, then this is the time. What will you be 5 years from now? What would you like to have at the age of 30? Decide on your dream from now on.

Plan your dreams in a good and right way! Let your dreams enslave you until all dreams come true. Open your eyes, my students, let me once again emphasize to all of you that dreaming is a sign of a person who is alive and holds hope. His life will be vibrant and kept away from all kinds of diseases and stresses. You can unlock stories of great people. Then you will find that their successes and achievements that made their names written in the history of life, all started with a dream. Just look at the Prophet Muhammad, Marcopolo, Leonardo Da Vinci, Isaac Newton, and hundreds of other great people. Everything starts from a dream.

For that, it's time for you to build your dream. What do you want in life and it's time to dream. Your age is golden age, so don't waste it. That was the end of my speech. I hope my words can bring good things to all of us. I say my apologies for my mistake on my words. Thank you for your attention. God bless.

Antibullying

Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeated, or has the potential to be repeated, over time. Both kids who are bullied and who bully others may have 

In order to be considered bullying, the behavior must be aggressive and include:

• An Imbalance of Power: Kids who bully use their power—such as physical strength, access to embarrassing information, or popularity—to control or harm others. Power imbalances can change over time and in different situations, even if they involve the same people.
• Repetition: Bullying behaviors happen more than once or have the potential to happen more than once.

Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumors, attacking someone physically or verbally, and excluding someone from a group on purpose.

Types of Bullying

There are three types of bullying:

- Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:

• Teasing
• Name-calling
• Inappropriate sexual comments
• Taunting
• Threatening to cause harm

- Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:

• Leaving someone out on purpose
• Telling other children not to be friends with someone
• Spreading rumors about someone
• Embarrassing someone in public

- Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:

• Hitting/kicking/pinching
• Spitting
• Tripping/pushing
• Taking or breaking someone’s things
• Making mean or rude hand gestures

Where and When Bullying Happens

Bullying can occur during or after school hours. While most reported bullying happens in the school building, a significant percentage also happens in places like on the playground or the bus. It can also happen travelling to or from school, in the youth’s neighborhood, or on the Internet.

Frequency of Bullying

There are two sources of federally collected data on youth bullying:

• The 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice) indicates that, nationwide, about 20% of students ages 12-18 experienced bullying.
• The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) indicates that, nationwide, 19.5% of students in grades 9–12 report being bullied on school property in the 12 months preceding the survey.

Narrative Text

The Ending

one day, a couple of friends were watching a movie together. They were very serious when watching the film. After watching the film, they talked about how bad the ending of the film was. One of them said "if only I could get into the film, I would change the ending" and the other just nodded. After chatting a lot, they were sleepy and fell asleep together.

they woke up when they heard a very loud noise. They tried to find out what was wrong, it turned out that they realized that they were entering the film they had watched. Like earlier, they were determined to change the ending. It is difficult, there are many obstacles, even one of them almost died. But they ended up bringing a good ending. They were very happy when the ending finally changed. They rented an inn and chatted until the night there. Tired, they finally fell asleep.

When they wake up, it turns out that they returned to the place where they had watched the film earlier, they believed that what had just been a dream. But that's okay, they are still happy, at least the ending of the film has changed for them

Enchanted Fish

A. The definition 

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.

B. The purpose 

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story.

C. Generic Structures

1) Orientation

Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces the participants of the story: who and what is involved in the story.

2) Complication

Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main participants.

3) Resolution

The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending

4) Re-orientation/Coda

This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists  of  a  moral  lesson,  advice  or  teaching  from  the writer.

The Characteristics / Language Feature

– Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)

– Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)

– Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)

– Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc)

– Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)

– Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present tense.

Video Materials :

Example :

The Story of Sleeping Beauty

Long time ago, there is a king who held a festive party to celebrate the birth of his daughter. All fairies in the kingdom were invited. They were asked to give bless. Unfortunately, there was an old fairy that did not get the invitation; it is because everybody thought that she was already dead. (Orientation)

In the party, each fairy gave bless. Before the last fairy gave her gift, the uninvited fairy suddenly appears. She was furious because she was uninvited. Without saying a word, the angry fairy blessed the princess with a curse. She cursed the princess that she will die on a spinning wheel when she is 16. The fairy was then gone with a flash of light. The last fairy who did not give any blesses yet stepped forward. She said that she could not eliminated the curse but she could help prolong the princess destiny. The fairy said, “when the spindle pricks the princess finger, she will not die. She will fall into a sleep and only a kiss from a person who gives her a true love will wake her.” (Complication)

To prevent the curse, the king ordered to destroyed all wheels and spindles. Over the years, the princess grew into a beautiful girl. When her 16th birthday came, she decided to explore the palace. She visited a tower that she never visited before. Inside the tower, she saw an old woman playing something. The old woman played with a wheel and spindle. She talked to the woman and asked if she could try it. The princess tried the spindle and suddenly her middle finger was punctured leaving a small wound. And, the curse was happening. The princess fell into a deep sleep so do all people who lived in the palace. (Complication)

After thousand years, a prince explored the palace that had been covered by a jungle. He walked through the trees and found a room where a beautiful girl was sleeping. He could not hold his desire to kiss the princess, and he done it. Suddenly, the girl woke up and also all people around the palace. Finally, they were married and lived happily ever after. (Resolution)

In my opinion story Enchanted fish is interesting because there is a good moral message :

1. Do not behave greedy for something

2. should be grateful for what you have owned

That's all from me, thank u for visiting my blog ~

Figure Of Speech

Definition of Figure of Speech

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or make an idea more vivid. Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of language. Words are used in other ways than their literal meanings or typical manner of application.

The simile in the first two lines sets forth a comparison between the way “you” fits into the poet like a hook and eye closure for perhaps a garment. This is an example of rhetorical effect in that the wording carefully achieves the idea of two things meant to connect to each other. In the second two lines, the wording is clarified by adding “fish” to “hook” and “open” to “eye,” which calls forth an unpleasant and even violent image. The poet’s descriptions of hooks and eyes are not meant literally in the poem. Yet the use of figurative language allows the poet to express two very different meanings and images that enhance the interpretation of the poem through contrast.

●Types of Figures of Speech

The term figure of speech covers a wide range of literary devices, techniques, and other forms of figurative language, a few of which include: 

》Alliteration

Alliteration is the repetition of the beginning sounds of neighboring words. Examples include:

▪︎ She sells seashells.

▪︎ Walter wondered where Winnie was

▪︎ Blue baby bonnets bobbed through the bayou.

》Anaphora

Anaphora is a technique where several phrases or verses begin with the same word or words. Examples include:

▪︎ I came, I saw, I conquered. - Julius Caesar

▪︎ Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! - King John II, William Shakespeare

▪︎ It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. - A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens

》Assonance

Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds (not just letters) in words that are close together. The sounds don't have to be at the beginning of the word. Examples include:

▪︎ A - For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore. (Poe)

▪︎ E - Therefore, all seasons shall be sweet to thee. (Coleridge)

▪︎ I - From what I've tasted of desire, I hold with those who favor fire. (Frost)

》 Euphemism

Euphemism is a mild, indirect, or vague term that often substitutes a harsh, blunt, or offensive term. Examples include:

■  'A little thin on top' instead of 'going bald.'

■ 'Fell of the back of a truck' instead of 'stolen.'

■ 'Letting you go' instead of 'firing you.'

》Hyperbole

Hyperbole uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect. Examples include:

▪︎ I've told you to stop a thousand times.

▪︎ That must have cost a billion dollars.

▪︎ I could do this forever.

》Irony

Irony occurs when there's a marked contrast between what is said and what is meant, or between appearance and reality. Examples include:

■ "How nice!" she said, when I told her I had to work all weekend. (Verbal irony)

■ A traffic cop gets suspended for not paying his parking tickets. (Situational irony)

■ The Titanic was said to be unsinkable but sank on its first voyage. (Situational irony)

》Metaphor

A metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike things or ideas. Examples include:

■ Heart of stone

■ Time is money

■ The world is a stage

》Onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is the term for a word that sounds like what it is describing. Examples include:

■ Whoosh

■ Splat

■ Buzz

》 Oxymoron

An oxymoron is two contradictory terms used together. Examples include:

■ Peace force

■ Kosher ham

■ Jumbo shrimp

 》Personification

Personification gives human qualities to non-living things or ideas. Examples include:

■The flowers nodded.

■The snowflakes danced.

■The thunder grumbled.

》Simile

A simile is a comparison between two unlike things using the words "like" or "as." Examples include:

■As slippery as an eel

■Like peas in a pod

■As blind as a bat

》 Synecdoche

Synecdoche occurs when a part is represented by the whole or, conversely, the whole is represented by the part. Examples include:

■Wheels - a car

■The police - one policeman

■Plastic - credit cards

》 Understatement

An understatement occurs when something is said to make something appear less important or less serious. Examples include:

■ It's just a scratch - referring to a large dent.

■ It's a litttle dry and sandy - referring to the driest desert in the world.

■ The weather is cooler today - referring to sub-zero temperatures.

EXPLANATION TEXT

 

Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

• General statement

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

• Sequenced of explanation

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

• Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
• To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature.

Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :

– Using simple present tense

– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)

– Using Passive voice

– Using Action verbs

– Containing explanation of the process ..

Examples of Explanation Text

How Chocolate is Made

Have we wondered how we get chocolate from? Well this time we will enter the amazing world of chocolate so we can understand exactly we are eating.

Chocolate starts a tree called cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in place such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. In side the fruits are the tree’s seeds. They are also known as coco beans.

Next, the beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun. After that they are shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts processing by roasting the beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavour. So they are often shorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix.

The next process is winnowing. The roasted beans are winnowed to remove the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are grounded to make it liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.

All seeds contain some amount of fat and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why they ground nibs from liquid. It is pure bitter chocolate.

source :

http://britishcourse.com/explanation-text-definition-generic-structures-purposes-language-features.php

that's all from me. Thank you for visiting my blog

CAUSE and EFFECT

The Purpose of Cause and Effect in Writing

A cause is something that produces an event or condition; an effect is what results from an event or condition.

A conjunction that states a cause

The following conjunctions are conjunctions used to denote a cause. Each conjunction has a different rule of use. Check out the following explanation.

• For

For is one of the coordinating conjunctions, or conjunctions used to connect two independent clauses. For is generally used in formal writing.

Example:

Many people are waiting in front of the store, for today is the launching of the newest smartphone.

• So

So is also a coordinating conjunction. The difference with for, so is more often used in conversation.

Example:

Today the newest smartphone is being launched, so I'm waiting in front of the store.

• Because

Because is one of the subordingating conjuntions, or conjunctions used to connect independent clause and dependent clause. Because can be used in written form or in conversation.

Example:

We don't have to bring headset for listening test because Mr Rahmat has provided it.

or we can also use because with a pattern like the following:

Because Mr. Rahmat has provided it, we don't have to bring hoodset for listening test

• Because of

Because of is usually followed by a noun because of itself is a preposition or preposition.

Example:

Because of the rain the English camp is postponed

• The reason for

The reason for can be defined as the reason why or the cause of. This phrase has a preposition for at the end, so we'd better place the noun after it.

Example:

The reason for land slide in my village is deforestation by illegal miners.

• On account of

On account of means cause or because this phrase is usually followed by a noun because the word of at the end of the phrase is a preposition.

Example:

The concert is canceled on account of corona virus plague

• Bring about

Bring about means to cause.

Example:

The news of corona virus brings about panic all over the country

• Give rise to

Give rise to can be interpreted as a cause to occur, a cause or cause. The word that is written after it is usually a noun.

Example:

Illegal parking lot gave rise to traffic jam in this city

• Created by

Created by in this context is meaningful by. This means that the phrase serves to show a cause and effect relationship.

Example:

The big crash between truck and bus created by low visibility The hare was thick at that time.

• Contributed to

Contributed to can be interpreted as a cause.

Example:

Groody and corruption contributed to devastation of this country

• Led to

Led to means cause.

Example:

The brawl led him to leave his girlfriend forever

• Due to

Due to is a compound preposition. This means that the word written after it is hanis is a noun or gerund. Due to itself means because, caused or because of. Due to is usually used in formal situations or in writing because it is more formal than because of.

Example:

Everybody stays at home due to impending storm

Or we can also write the kaimat using a pattern like the following:

Due to impeding storm, everybody stays at home

• For this reason

For this reason is meaningful for this reason.

Example:

Eduardo wants to be with his family For this reason he left his job last month.

• Unless

We can find the meaning of unless in most dictionaries meaning unless or unless.

Example:

You won't pass the exam unless you study hard

The example sentence uses unless as a causal relationship. In that sentence we know that the cause of not passing is if we don't study hard.

A conjunction to show the result (Effect)

We will continue to discuss cause and effect uses, functions and examples on the use of conjunctions to show effects. Here are some conjunctions that are often used to show results.

• As a result

As a result is a phrase that is used to denote the effect of something. We can interpret as a result as a result of.

Example:

Several houses are damaged as a result of earth quake that stroke one hour ago

or we can also use it with a pattern like the following:

Rifki plays online game during work hours as a result, he is suspended

• Then

We can interpret then in this context as then. That is because then is used as a conjunction to denote the effect.

Example:

Andrea plays truant today then she gets a punishment from her homeroom teacher.

• Hence

Hence means because of that or because of that. Hence is usually used in formal situations.

Example:

Mr. Smith will go to Papua next week hence, he orders the ticket

• For this reason

For this reason means for this reason.

Example:

The victims of hit and run keeps increasing, for this reason the police puts surveillance cameras every corner

• Therefore

The meaning is therefore or therefore commonly used in formal situations and in writing.

Example:

Lisa always gets A on Math tests therefore, she is chosen to represent this school at olympic of math

• Outcome

In the context of the discussion of maternal causes and effect outcomes, the meaning of consequences.

Example:

The blackout last night was the outcome of the electricity surge at the main power house

• So

So in this case means so or so. So is more often used in a conversation than in writing.

Example:

the gloomy today, so everyone brings the umbrella.

• Consequently

Consequently means as a result, therefore or therefore. Just like therefore, consequently is often used in written form and in formal situations.

Example:

He never wears jacket when he drives motorcycle consequently, he is sick.

• In order to

in order to means in order or so that its use is not much different from so.

Example:

I will come to the seminar early In order to get the front seat.

ok, that's all my explanation about cause and effect. I hope you all understand with my explanation

MY HOPE IN 2021

I hope 2021 is better than the previous year. I hope this year I have happiness, blessings and other positive things.

I also hope that covid 19 will disappear this year so that I can do my activities more freely. I also hope this year I can meet my idol and I will talk about many things with him

I hope my wish will come true